Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting adult females worldwide, yet it is highly preventable with regular screening and vaccination. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors for cervical cancer is crucial for early detection and treatment, potentially saving lives.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer begins when abnormal cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, start to grow out of control. Almost all cases of cervical cancer are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While most HPV infections resolve on their own, certain strains of the virus can lead to cervical cancer over time.
Other factors that may increase the risk of cervical cancer include:
- Smoking: Chemicals from tobacco can damage the DNA in cervical cells, increasing the risk.
- Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV, are more susceptible to HPV infections that can lead to cervical cancer.
- Multiple Pregnancies: Studies suggest that women who have had several full-term pregnancies may face a slightly increased risk.
- Long-Term Use of Birth Control Pills: Extended use of oral contraceptives has been associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer, though the risk decreases after discontinuation.
Who Is at Risk for Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is most common in adult females over 30 years old, but all sexually active females are at some risk due to possible exposure to HPV. Women who do not undergo regular screenings are also at a higher risk since abnormalities can go undetected and progress to cancer.
Common Symptoms
Cervical cancer typically progresses slowly, with many cases showing no symptoms in the early stages. Regular screening with a Pap smear or HPV test is essential for detecting changes early. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include the following:
1. Unusual Vaginal Bleeding
Abnormal bleeding is often the first noticeable sign of cervical cancer. This can include:
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Heavier or longer menstrual periods
- Bleeding after menopause
Since unusual bleeding can also indicate other health issues, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional if you experience these symptoms.
2. Unusual Vaginal Discharge
Changes in vaginal discharge can also be a symptom of cervical cancer. Discharge related to cervical cancer may:
- Have a foul odor
- Be watery or blood-tinged
- Appear thicker or contain mucus
If you notice any persistent changes in discharge, it’s essential to seek medical attention.
3. Pain During Sexual Intercourse
Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) can be a symptom of advanced cervical cancer. This symptom may occur if the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues.
4. Pelvic Pain
Persistent pelvic pain or lower back pain that doesn’t seem linked to other conditions can be a sign of cervical cancer. This pain is often a symptom of advanced stages, where the cancer has spread to other areas.
5. Swelling in the Legs
Swelling in the legs can indicate that cervical cancer has spread to lymph nodes, causing them to press on veins and restrict blood flow. This symptom is more common in advanced stages.
When to Seek Help
If you notice any unusual symptoms or have concerns about cervical cancer, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Early diagnosis greatly improves the effectiveness of treatment, and regular Pap smears can detect changes in cervical cells before they turn cancerous. For convenient access to medical advice, connect with doctors through the Virtual Doctors App or download the Virtual Doctors Healthplus App on Google Play.
How Is Cervical Cancer Treated?
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage at diagnosis, the patient’s health, and other factors. Some common treatments include:
- Surgery: In early stages, surgery can remove the cancerous tissue or, in more advanced cases, the cervix and uterus.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: This involves medications to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
- Targeted Therapy: Advanced cases may involve targeted drugs that help the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.
Prevention
Several steps can be taken to reduce the risk of cervical cancer:
- Get the HPV Vaccine: The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infections that lead to cervical cancer and is recommended for young adult females and males before they become sexually active.
- Attend Regular Screenings: Regular Pap smears and HPV tests can detect abnormalities before they develop into cancer.
- Practice Safe Sex: Using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of contracting HPV.
- Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking helps to lower the risk associated with cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer is a serious health condition, but regular screenings and preventive measures can make a difference. Early detection improves treatment success, so it’s essential to be aware of the symptoms and seek medical advice if anything unusual occurs. For easy and accessible consultations, register on the Virtual Doctors App or download the Virtual Doctors Healthplus App on Google Play to book an appointment with qualified doctors.